Located at the periphery of the labia minora, the labia majora is the most prominent part of the female vulva and contains abundant fat tissues and glands. Its primary function is to provide outer protection to the vagina and secrete lubricating liquids and also improve the intimacy with male genitals during sexual intercourse. Tissues at the labia majora are generally abundant and elastic during adolescence, but due to aging, pregnancy, body weight reduction, lower extremity frequent motion, and even friction from tight clothes, they gradually become atrophic or pigmented to give an appearance of skin laxity or shrinkage. To restore the prior fullness and elasticity of the labia majora, patients have to consider correction by plastic surgeries.

At present, two techniques are available for labia majora augmentation. One is a non-surgical high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (Sub-Q or Macrolene) injection, which being rapid and convenient, sustains the results for only approximately 6 months, resulting in the risks of obstruction and inflammation of the labia majora glands. Clinically, it is mainly used for the correction of mild labia majora shrinkage or slackness. The other technique is augmentation of the labia majora by an autologous fat injection as a surgical method similar to fat injection at other body parts, which necessitates the liposuction of excess fats and injection into the labia majora after purification and filtration. Postoperative swelling is relatively obvious, and recovery is relatively long; this technique offers longer and more stable effects than the injection of hyaluronic acid. Therefore, it is mainly used for the correction of severe labia majora atrophy.